Enhanced seagull optimization for enhanced accuracy in CUDA-accelerated Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation neural networks for earthquake forecasting

Hyperparameter tuning is crucial for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of artificial neural networks (ANNs). This study presents an optimization of the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation neural network (LM-BPNN) by integrating an improved seagull optimization algorithm (ISOA). The proposed ISOA-LM-BPNN model is designed to forecast earthquakes in the Caribbean region. The study further explores the impact of data and model parallelism, revealing that hybrid parallelism effectively mitigates the limitations of both. This leads to substantial gains in throughput and overall performance. To address computational demands, this model leverages the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) framework, enabling hybrid parallelism on graphics processing units (GPUs). This approach significantly enhances the model’s computational speed. The experimental results demonstrate that the ISOA-LM-BPNN model achieves a 20% improvement in accuracy compared to four baseline algorithms across three diverse datasets. The integration of ISOA with LM-BPNN refines the neural network’s hyperparameters, leading to more precise earthquake predictions. Additionally, the model’s computational efficiency is evidenced by a 56% speed increase when utilizing a single GPU, and an even greater acceleration with dual GPUs connected via NVLink compared to traditional CPU-based computations. The findings underscore the potential of ISOA-LM-BPNN as a robust tool for earthquake forecasting, combining high accuracy with enhanced computational speed, making it suitable for real-time applications in seismic monitoring and early warning systems.