Green Development of Chinese Agriculture from the Perspective of Bidirectional Correlation

China’s agricultural green development exhibits spatial imbalances. To promote the coordinated green development of agriculture across various regions, this paper explores the evolution of spatial association networks and driving factors of agricultural green development from a bidirectional correlation perspective, using social network analysis and spatial econometric methods. This research indicates that China’s agricultural green efficiency has steadily improved, with a complex multi-threaded network structure. Although the spatial interaction and spillover effects of the overall network structure have increased, they remain relatively weak. The individual network structure shows significant regional imbalances. The spatial association network of agricultural green efficiency forms four major blocks, with sparse connections within the blocks but close connections between blocks, demonstrating strong spillover effects. Regarding the driving factors, the proportion of the primary industry, labor level, and R&D investment have significant spatial impacts, while the spatial impacts of human capital level, degree of openness, economic development level, and new quality productivity level are not significant. Therefore, we believe that it is necessary to establish the concept of coordinated green development in agriculture, fully leverage regional associations and spillover effects, and formulate differentiated policies to improve agricultural green efficiency.