The Role of Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Emerging Treatment Strategies

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It is distinguished by repetitive behaviors, trouble in social interaction, and difficulty in communication. Recent research has demonstrated a strong association between gut microbiota and ASD. The purpose of this review is to highlight the relationship between the gut microbiome and autism spectrum disorder and how variations in the gut microbiome lead to severe psychological and autistic symptoms. We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, reviewing experimental and epidemiological studies from the last decade (2013-2023). Google Scholar and PubMed were used for data collection. This review includes a total of 37 studies from the past decade. Our findings revealed that individuals with ASD often had variations in their gut microbiome composition, and these distinct compositions are associated with behavioral symptoms and many gastrointestinal (GI) problems. The connection between the gut and the brain has demonstrated promising potential. These connections help scientists to come up with new interventions and potential treatments. By using microbiota transfer therapy (MTT), probiotics, and manipulating the gut microbiome through exclusive diets, there is a possibility that we can positively impact ASD patients' social and GI problems. In conclusion, further studies are essential to explore specific gut microbiota and their mechanisms linking the gut and brain. Such research could lead to better treatment opportunities and improve the quality of life for people with autism spectrum disorder.