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This study analyzes the vertical and oblique pullout behavior of a strip anchor plate horizontally embedded in homogeneous and two-layered sandy soil layers. The analysis was performed using the limit equilibrium method combined with Kötter’s equation. The research results concerning the pullout capacity of the anchor are presented using a dimensionless parameter known as the pullout factor (K = Pu/γavgb2, where Pu is the gross pullout load, γavg is the weighted average unit weight of two layers of soil, and b is the width of the anchor plate). The findings indicate that the value of the pullout factor increases as the angle of oblique pullout increases for a given embedment depth, and a significant reduction in the pullout capacity is observed at lower embedment depths for a particular friction angle. The study also investigated the impact of various parameters, such as the unit weight of the soil, internal friction, embedment depth, and orientation of the tie rod. A comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted to understand these effects in detail. The outlined approach, based on Kötter’s equation, provides a simplified method for anticipating the optimal design and placement of anchors in sandy soils. This study serves as a foundational step toward achieving effective anchor design and installation strategies in sand-based environments.
Shambharkar et al. (Sat,) studied this question.