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Advances and innovations in technology have led to interventionists embarking on percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with increasingly complex anatomy, such as left main disease, heavily calcifi ed, multivessel disease, and chronic total occlusion. Consequently, the interventionist encounters an infrequent, yet potentially serious complication of coronary artery perforation (CAP). While the incidence of CAP is low, it can lead to severe consequences, such as cardiac tamponade, myocardial infarction, or even death. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of coronary perforation encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, contemporary therapeutic options, and future directions.
Debabrata Dash (Sun,) studied this question.