Translational potential of test systems in modelling thermal burn wounds

The article describes the advantages and features of experimental models of thermal burns using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo test systems. An objective assessment of the application of each approach depending on the type of study is given. For example, cell culture models are simple but do not fully reflect the structure of human skin, which limits their translational value. Ex vivo models, such as skin explants, provide the necessary architectonics to study intercellular interactions, but they also have drawbacks, primarily related to short viability. In general, in vitro and ex vivo models have limitations in reproducing all aspects of burn wound pathogenesis and healing. In this regard, laboratory animals, primarily mice, rats, and pigs, are widely used to study burn wound pathology, its effects on the body, and the efficacy of therapy. The decision to use experimental animal models is made taking into account their translational relevance to humans. In rodents, wound healing occurs mainly by contraction, in contrast to the re-epithelialisation and granulation seen in humans, which contributes to faster wound healing in rodents. The significant similarities between certain properties of pig and human skin make the latter a relevant test system in pharmacodynamic studies of thermal burn wounds.