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In the paper, the characteristics of air temperature in the south part of the Greater Caucasus region and the effects of regional climate changes on this area in the modern period were studied. In the research, the air temperature observation data of 8 hydrometeorological stations operating in the region for the years 1961-2022 were used, and the modern classification of the average monthly, seasonal, annual and altitude time-space distributions of temperature was given.Based on the data of hydrometeorological stations in the south and southeast piedmonts of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, an electronic map was prepared for the distribution of average annual air temperature indicators on the territory, and for determining the indicators of areas without data. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) files obtained fromthe decoding of satellite images (satellite data) were used in the prepared map. The research shows that July and August are the hottest months when the temperature is 22.80C, while January is the coldest by temperature about 0.50C in this region. In this part of the Greater Caucasus province, in the cold months of the year, the average monthly temperature is indicating below 00C in the area located above the moderately mountainous part of the region. The dynamics of the average indicators of temperature of the multi-year period (1961-2022) are expressed by a positive trend. The average annual temperature distribution map of the territory shows that the air temperature is 15.00C in the low mountainous part of the region, while it decreases upwards and, according to the adiabatic law, equals 00C at altitudes above 3500 m. According to the climate studies conducted in the region, compared to the years 1981-2010, it was found that there was a temperature increase of 1.20C in the mountainous region in 2011-2022. Also, a comparative analysis of 10-year averages of air temperature trends, using the Holt- Winters model, shows that temperatures in 2100 are expected to increase by 3.00C compared to 2030. In the region, climate changes that worsen every year lead to water scarcity, desertification, drought, etc. and can expand the area of recurrence of environmental crises and destructive natural events. This research can be used in future climate change mitigation , climate atlases, infrastructure, agricultural and industrial projects in the region.
HUSEYNOV et al. (Sat,) studied this question.