Data from Incidence trends and survival in early-onset esophagogastric adenocarcinoma: A Swedish population-based cohort study

AbstractBackground: Early-onset adenocarcinomas of different sites are increasing in high-income countries, data on esophagogastric adenocarcinoma are sparse. Methods: We performed a Swedish population-based cohort study over 1993-2019 to delineate differences in incidence and survival in early-onset (age 20-54 years) compared to later-onset (55-99 years) esophageal, cardia, and non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma. Temporal incidence trends were quantified as annual percentage changes (APC) and survival differences as excess mortality rate ratios (EMRR) using Poisson regression and including 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Among 27,854 esophagogastric adenocarcinoma patients, 2576 were early-onset whereof 470 were esophageal, 645 were cardia, and 1461 were non-cardia gastric. Except non-cardia gastric, the male predominance was larger in early- compared to later-onset disease. Advanced stage and signet ring cell morphology were more common among early-onset patients. Early- and later-onset APC estimates were comparable and esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence increased, cardia remained stable, and non-cardia gastric decreased. Early-onset patients had better survival than later-onset, which was amplified when adjusting for prognostic factors including stage (adjusted EMRR 0.73 95% CI 0.63-0.85 in esophageal, 0.75 95% CI 0.65-0.86 in cardia, and 0.67 95% CI 0.61-0.74 in non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma). The early-onset survival advantage was more pronounced in localized stages 0-II (all sites) and women (esophageal and non-cardia gastric). Conclusions: We found no major differences in incidence trends comparing early- and later-onset esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. Despite unfavorable prognostic features, early-onset esophagogastric adenocarcinoma survival was better than later-onset, particularly in localized stages and women. Impact: Our findings suggest delayed diagnosis in younger individuals and especially men.