Rare and Protected Woody Plants of the Fruticetum Site in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute (Ufa)

The collection fund of almost all botanical gardens in Russia and other countries contains a collection of rare and protected plants, which is a gene pool and a base for the reintroduction of endangered and conservation of rare species. The purpose of research is to determine the degree of resistance of some rare and protected woody plants from various climatic zones in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Research was conducted over 19 years. The objects of research are 24 species of rare and protected woody plants of the Fruticetum section of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute (Ufa), which have different levels of protection status. Winter hardiness was determined according to the Main Botanical Garden scale, seed germination – according to standard methods. Introduction studies of 24 rare and protected plants were carried out, 7 of which are listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (Corylus colurna, Deutzia glabrata, Exochorda serratifolia, Hydrangea petiolaris, Prinsepia sinensis, Pterocarya pterocarpa, Sorbocotoneaster pozdnjakovii), and the rest are listed in regional Red Books. It has been established that almost all protected species are in good health, bloom and bear fruit annually, can reproduce by seed and vegetative means, and have high winter hardiness. The only exceptions are a few species, the resistance of which we have defined as conditional. For example, Aralia elata blooms, bears fruit, and sets full-fledged seeds annually, but annual shoots of this species often freeze. Lespedeza bicolor has been defined by us as a species that is unstable in culture due to late flowering and damage to flowers by early frosts, as a result of which this species has no seeds; in addition, annual shoots of this species often freeze. Securinega suffruticosa, according to our data, is also conditionally resistant due to reduced winter hardiness, although it blooms, bears fruit, and produces viable seeds annually. Thus, according to the research results, 18 species out of 24 have high resistance in culture in the conditions of the Bashkir Cis-Urals.