Disbalance in the labour market of Ukraine: challenges today

The disbalance in the labour market of Ukraine caused by the full-scale invasion of russia, large-scale migration, the decrease in the population and the deformation of the age structure is studied in the article On the one hand, there is an increase in the number of vacancies, which indicates the recovery of economic activity and the need of business personnel. On the other hand, there is a growing problem of a shortage of labour force due to the outflow of personnel as a result of military actions and the search for better life opportunities abroad. In the conditions of constant adaptation and changes caused by the state of war, the labour market in Ukraine in 2024 requires an increasing number of qualified workers and specialists. Changes in the economy, which occurred due to the destruction of production facilities, departure of Ukrainians abroad and displacement within the borders of Ukraine, only increase disparities in the labour market. The demographic crisis in Ukraine due to the full-scale war has only deepened, and Ukraine is already facing a number of demographic problems, from the drop in the birth rate to the formation of a gender disparity. The change in the number of the population and the median age of citizens of Ukraine until 2036 is characterized. Demographic (migratory) replacement is considered important as a method of attracting people from other countries; necessary for a balanced ratio on the labour market – those who are economically active and those who need care. Attention is focused on expanding opportunities to attract older people to the labour market and on creating special working conditions for this category of Ukrainians. The situation on the labour market directly depends on when the war will end and how the country will develop after it. If there is an economic boom, many migrants will return to Ukraine. With a different development of the economy, the opposite situation may arise: many families will be faced with the choice of where they will reunite after the lifting of restrictions on men's free travel abroad – in Ukraine or beyond.