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Due to advantages such as abundant energy sources, environmentally friendly perspectives, and straightforward power extraction, there has been increasing research on integrated microgrids incorporating photovoltaic (PV), wind, and biogas systems. Efficient utilization of renewable energy sources (RES), backup distributed generators (DGs), and storage devices within the microgrid is essential to meet power demands. Consequently, Energy Management Systems (EMS) have been introduced to microgrids, focusing on monitoring various energy resources and regulating energy consumption at specific locations. In this manner, the EMS effectively coordinates the integrated DGs within the microgrid to ensure optimal power supply to loads with minimal operational costs. The aid of decision-makers lies in comprehending a location’s strengths and constraints, enabling them to regulate usage effectively. To enhance productivity, all potential distributed generators (DGs) must be integrated into the microgrid and optimized. Despite numerous global research efforts in devising energy management systems, certain challenges persist. Ensuring a microgrid provides reliable, high-quality power is demanding, primarily due to geographical dispersion, restricted availability of distributed resources, and the seasonal and intra-day variability inherent in renewable resources. Managing a microgrid becomes intricate given these factors.
Das et al. (Fri,) studied this question.