Exploring the Intriguing World of Fungal Diversity in the Oral Cavities of a Native Community in Siltepec, Chiapas, Mexico

This study explores the relationship between filamentous fungi and dental caries in isolated indigenous communities in Siltepec, Chiapas, Mexico. A total of 37 oral swabs were collected, with 22 participants harboring filamentous fungi, primarily from the genus Cladosporium. Statistical analysis using Student’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test revealed a significant reduction in extensive and fully cavitated caries (p < 0.0001) in individuals with fungi, while those without fungi exhibited higher rates of dental decay. Participants with fungi had a higher prevalence of healthy teeth and incipient caries. The findings suggest that traditional maize-based diets, particularly fermented beverages like pozol, may promote the growth of beneficial fungi in the oral microbiome, offering a protective effect against dental caries through microbial competition and the alteration of the oral environment. These results underline the need for further research into the long-term impact of traditional diets on oral health and the potential use of natural substances, such as probiotics and plant-based antimicrobials, to maintain oral homeostasis and prevent caries.