Role of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in improving seed germination, growth and biomass accumulation in Green gram (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar

Abstract The world's food problem is partly caused by the enormous hurdles that the growing global population presents to agricultural output. Increased yield losses are caused by a number of stressors, including bacteria, fungus, salt, ozone, UV-B radiation, drought, and metal toxicity. Agricultural management uses a variety of techniques targeted at reducing yield loss and environmental impact to address these problems. In order to increase crop yields, nanoparticles are used in the creation of nano fertilizers, nano insecticides, and nano fungicides. Therefore, present study conducted to assess effectiveness of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticle on Green gram seed germination, root length, and shoot length and fresh weight and dry weight of plants. Results demonstrated that TiO2 is more effective in seed germination than ZnO nanoparticles and showed 100% rate at 48-h observation. All nanomaterials stimulated root elongation and promoted shoot growth and biomass of plants at 50 ppm concentrations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mechanisms and efficacy of nanoparticles in promoting seed germination. The knowledge gathered from this research is essential for the creation of eco-friendly nanotechnologies, which will ultimately help to lessen the world's food crisis. According to the study, additional field research is necessary to have a more comprehensive understanding, especially in order to completely comprehend the impacts of NPs on the growth, improvement, and health of agricultural plants.