Advances in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder: Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted origins. In recent studies, neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its pathogenesis. There are studies suggesting that stem cell therapy may be effective in the treatment of ASD. AIM To evolve the landscape of ASD treatment, focusing on the potential benefits and safety of stem cell transplantation. METHODS A detailed case report is presented, displaying the positive outcomes observed in a child who underwent intrathecal and intravenous Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) transplantation combined with neurorehabilitation. RESULTS The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the child’s functional outcomes (Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Denver 2 Developmental Screening Test), especially in language and gross motor skills. No serious side effects were encountered during the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION The findings support the safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSC transplantation in managing ASD.