American trypanosomiasis

Objective: Due to the importance of Chagas disease as a public health problem in Brazil, this study aims to present a review of the epidemiological, treatment and control aspects of Chagas disease in Brazil. Literature review: American trypanosomiasis, popularly known as Chagas disease, is considered one of the most important neglected diseases in Latin America. The etiologic agent is Trypanosoma cruzi, which is primarily transmitted by hematofagous insects, known as kissing bugs, that belong to the subfamily Triatominae. Besides the primary form of transmission, other forms of transmission have been discovered over the years, such as oral, congenital, blood transfusion, transplant and accidental transmission. It is difficult to diagnose it in the acute phase because it presents generic and non-specific symptoms. It is usually diagnosed in the chronic stage, when the digestive and cardiac systems may be compromised. Since the end of 1960, treatment has been restricted to two drugs, but they are not so effective, and alternative medicines are necessary to improve the treatment and life quality of patients. Final considerations: In order to reduce Chagas disease transmission, Latin American countries, especially Brazil, must improve the surveillance system and provide primary care to the population.