Detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with deep learning using inspiratory and expiratory chest computed tomography and clinical information

In recent years, more and more patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have remained undiagnosed despite having undergone medical examination. This study aimed to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for automatically detecting COPD using double-phase (inspiratory and expiratory) chest computed tomography (CT) images and clinical information.