Digital learning in schools: Which skills do teachers need, and who should bring their own devices?

We investigated factors that are potentially associated with teaching and learning with digital technology, by replicating and extending Sailer, Murböck, and Fischer's (2021) study with a representative sample of 407 German secondary school teachers. In line with the replicated study, teachers' technology-related teaching skills were crucial for different forms of students' active learning, whereas the digital technology equipment available in a school was less important. School support was positively related to successful digital teaching and learning at schools. The success of Bring-Your-Own-Device depended on who brought the device, teachers or students. • Benefits of Bring Your Own Device practices depend on who brings the digital technology device. • Technology-related teaching skills are crucial for students' active digital learning. • School support and internet speed are important for students' collaborative learning. • Digital school equipment and basic digital skills are not related to digital learning activities. • Results are used to develop an overarching theoretical model for digital teaching and learning.