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The absence of a dedicated institution for conflict management and ambiguous dispute resolution mechanisms have been a major obstacle for the international and Indian environmental law regime. Environmental laws have undergone significant changes to address critical hazards; however, they frequently encounter difficulties in resolving disputes promptly. Arbitration has emerged as an indispensable instrument, particularly by the Permanent Court of Arbitration Optional Rules for the Arbitration of Environmental Disputes, 2001 (PCAORAED, 2001). These rules are imperative for providing customised solutions and accommodating various stakeholders, such as states, Non-Government Organisations (NGOs), multinational corporations, and individuals, thereby establishing arbitration as an inclusive and accessible alternative. The article emphasises how arbitration, when backed by specialised experts and a dedication to practical solutions, has the potential to emerge as the principal forum for resolving environmental disputes. Additionally, it investigates the potential for arbitration, traditionally associated with commercial disputes, to be creatively adapted to address the intricacies of environmental conflicts. The study comprehensively examines the arbitration processes employed by the PCA and other international instruments, underscoring the necessity of new approaches to address contemporary environmental challenges.
Anand et al. (Fri,) studied this question.