Relationship between advanced glycation end‐products and advanced oxidation protein products in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without albuminuria: A cross‐sectional survey

Abstract Background and Aims Literature suggests that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetes. Since poor glycemic control enhances the formation of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in individuals with diabetes, exploring the association between glycation and oxidative states in diabetes could also shed light on potential consequences. This study evaluated the effects of albuminuria on AGEs and AOPP levels and measured their relationship in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with or without albuminuria. Methods A cross‐sectional, matched case‐control study was designed, including 38 T2D subjects with albuminuria and 38 matched T2D subjects with normoalbuminuria. Patients were matched by their body mass index (BMI), age, and duration of diabetes. The unadjusted and adjusted correlation between AGEs and AOPP in the studied groups were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Using ggplot2, the ties between these two biochemical factors in cases and controls were plotted. Results This study elucidated a significant association between AGEs and AOPP in participants with normoalbuminuria ( r = 0.331, p ‐value < 0.05), which continued to be significant after controlling for BMI, age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ( r = 0.355, p ‐value < 0.05). However, there was no significant association between AGEs and AOPP in those with albuminuria in the unadjusted model ( r = 0.034, p ‐value = 0.841) or after controlling for BMI, age, SBP, and DBP ( r = 0.076, p ‐value = 0.685). Conclusion Oxidation and glycation molecular biomarkers were correlated in patients without albuminuria; however, this association was not observed in those with albuminuria.