Cosmological bouncing solutions in f(𝒬,𝒯) theory

This paper examines the behavior of the universe around the bouncing point in the background of Formula: see text theory, where Formula: see text is the non-metricity and Formula: see text is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor. We derive the field equations that describe gravitational phenomena in the existence of non-metricity and matter source terms. By applying the reconstruction method for the Hubble parameter, a phenomenon of the bouncing universe for homogeneous spacetime filled with perfect fluid is studied. We consider specific models of this modified theory to evaluate the behavior of various cosmic parameters such as the Hubble, deceleration, equation of state and fluid parameters. When the null energy condition is violated, it follows a bouncing behavior. It is found that spacetime is composed of isotropic fluid, where a big bounce can occur and the universe turns into extremely unstable. We conclude that Formula: see text gravity successfully explains the early and late time cosmic expansion and evolution.