Needs Analysis of Virtual Reality Implementation in Indonesian Medical Curricula: A Qualitative Study

Virtual reality (VR) is an immersive technology that can be a learning tool for medical students. However, VR devices are costly and need high maintenance. In addition, prior research rarely integrates VR into medical education’s pedagogical and learning aspects. Questionnaires and guidelines for implementing VR are also scarce. This study analysed the need for VR implementation in medical curricula in Indonesia using qualitative descriptive methods. A non-discriminative snowball sampling technique was used, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. Data analysis was carried out using thematic analysis. This study included nine respondents from five medical schools (three state and two private). The results show that the VR implementation process must consist of several stages: needs exploration, blueprint creation, multidiscipline or multi-centre collaboration, training provision, success stories and scientific evidence, appreciation, and evaluation. Readiness factors assessed during the needs exploration stage include human resources, curriculum, infrastructure, funding, and regulations. In conclusion, VR implementation in Indonesian medical curricula must be carried out in seven steps, and five essential readiness factors must be extensively explored to ensure that the implementation is successful, has educational value, and has further potential development in the future.