Ridge Augmentation Using Autograft and Xenograft Versus Xenograft Alone With Simultaneous Implant Placement: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Abstract Aim To compare the alveolar ridge augmentation using either a 1:1 combination of autograft and bovine graft or bovine graft alone and a slow resorbing collagen membrane with simultaneous placement of implants. Materials and Methods 24 subjects aged 20-60 years with an atrophic, both vertically and horizontally deficient, edentulous space in the esthetic region of the maxilla were randomly assigned into two groups who underwent guided bone regeneration procedures in conjunction with simultaneous implant placement. Group A received a 1:1 combination of autograft and bovine graft and Group Β received bovine graft alone. Primary closure and a tension-free flap were achieved. The study subjects were recalled after six months to assess the alveolar bone augmentation by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. The data that was collected was statistically analyzed. Results The mean alveolar ridge augmentation as seen at 6 months was observed to be 2.09 mm in the vertical dimension and 0.99 mm in the horizontal dimension, respectively, in the Group A subjects. In Group B, a mean vertical augmentation of 1.73 mm and a mean horizontal augmentation of 2.09 mm, respectively, were observed. The difference in mean vertical bone augmentation between the two groups at 6 months as compared to the baseline was statistically insignificant. Conclusion This study demonstrates that alveolar ridge augmentation using a 1:1 combination of autograft and xenograft with immediate implant placement is a viable treatment option for the atrophic esthetic region of the maxilla.