Equisetum diffusummethanol extract attenuates RA by modulating the expression of key biomarkers like COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, PPAR-γ, and Iκβ in Adjuvant-induced rats.

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with subsequent damage to the bone joints. Equisetum diffusum D. Don, from the Equisetaceaefamily, is a native pteridophyte species of the sub-Himalayan region of India and has been reported to have a diverse array of pharmacological properties. The present research is focused on determining the anti-arthritic potential of E. diffusum whole plant methanol extract (EDME) in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Treatment with EDME significantly restored paw-edema, arthritic scoring, and normal body weight. EDME treatment also normalized the haematological, biochemical, radiological, and histological status when compared to the arthritic control rats. The methanol extract significantly (ppE. diffusumextract in chronic arthritis model on a strong ground.