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Since the 2010s, Japan has vigorously promoted security cooperation with countries from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), expanding its breadth and depth. Tokyo has adapted to an evolving security environment by establishing a comprehensive and concentric framework for cooperation involving bilateral and multilateral channels. Japan’s burgeoning bilateral cooperation on defence equipment and technology and minilateral arrangements with the Philippines reflect its efforts to bolster regional stability and uphold shared interests in the Indo-Pacific region.
Tomotaka SHOJI (Sun,) studied this question.