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Abstract Calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) are absorbed from the soil by the root cells before being distributed throughout the plant. The transport of Ca 2+ to aboveground parts relies on the movement of xylem, which is influenced by the transpiration rate of individual organs. The final distribution of Ca 2+ in tissues and cells depends on the effective function of channels and transporters that facilitate Ca 2+ movement through plasma and specific intracellular membranes. Local fluctuations in free Ca 2+ concentrations serve as a mechanism to elicit cellular responses, characterized by distinct calcium signatures, or to enable long-distance signaling in a cell-to-cell network. The specificity of individual Ca 2+ transport proteins is primarily determined through studies in plants with induced changes in the expression of these proteins. Concurrently, it is recognized that plant cells contain significant reserves of Ca 2+ both in the labile and in the permanently bound states, which influences various aspects such as biomechanical properties or the defensive capabilities of the cells. The diverse roles of Ca 2+ in plant cells highlight the importance of a thorough understanding of Ca 2+ metabolism.
Wdowiak et al. (Thu,) studied this question.