Research on Function Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Based on User Demand Analysis: An Empirical Study Using the Kano Model and AHP Method

With the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), the demand for reliable and user-friendly charging infrastructure has increased significantly. However, user dissatisfaction with public EV charging stations has also intensified, and the level of satisfaction with charging stations directly influences the development of the EV market. This study aimed to identify and prioritize user needs for EV charging stations to improve their design and functionality, ultimately enhancing user satisfaction and effectively promoting the sustainable development of the EV market. Using the KJ method, this study identified 23 key user needs and categorized them into must-be, one-dimensional, attractive, and indifferent requirements using the Kano model. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was subsequently applied to rank these requirements by their importance. The results indicate that, in the optimization of charging station functionality, the most critical user requirements include C1 charging gun stability (0.3176), C2 system stability (0.2822), C7 safety performance (0.0885), C15 payment convenience (0.0648), and C8 accurate feedback on charging station status (0.0501). This study provides valuable insights for designers and developers, offering a user-centered approach to optimizing public EV charging stations and improving the overall charging experience.