What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Hypertension (n=78300). Intervention: BMI ≥25 vs. BMI <25. Primary outcome: Hypertension (POR 2.472, 95% CI 2.295-2.662, p=<0.001).

December 10, 2024Open Access

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension among Young Adults: An Indonesian Basic Health Survey

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

The prevalence of hypertension among young adults aged 26-35 years in Indonesia was 4.1%, with factors such as BMI ≥25 (POR 2.472) and diabetes mellitus (POR 3.688) significantly increasing the risk.

Key Result

The prevalence of hypertension among young adults aged 26-35 years in Indonesia was 4.1%, with factors such as BMI ≥25 (POR 2.472) and diabetes mellitus (POR 3.688) significantly increasing the risk.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=78,300)

Structured PICO

Population

78,300 young adults aged 26-35 years in Indonesia, utilizing secondary data from the RISKESDAS 2018 national health survey.

Outcome

Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors

In a large Indonesian cohort of young adults aged 26-35, the prevalence of diagnosed hypertension was 4.1%, strongly associated with modifiable risk factors such as elevated BMI, diabetes, and frequent instant food consumption.

Main Result

Effect estimate: POR 2.472 (95% CI 2.295-2.662)

Absolute Event Rate: 6.3% vs 2.7%

p-value: p=<0.001

Limitations

The study only included participants who had received a medical diagnosis or had taken antihypertensive medication, potentially missing many subjects unaware of their hypertension.
The study used secondary data from RISKESDAS, meaning certain factors that influence the development of hypertension in young adults could not be identified.

Abstract

Introduction Hypertension patients aged under 40 years have low awareness and under-diagnosis, hence poor blood pressure control. The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in men and women aged 26 to 35 years is 55% and 44%, respectively. This study aimed to provide information on the prevalence and risk factors for hypertension among young adults based on the basic health survey ( Riset Kesehatan Dasar; RISKESDAS ) in Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from the RISKESDAS 2018 with a total of 140,073 subjects aged 26-35 years. The characteristics of the subjects were presented as proportion. This study performed a chi-square test and involved multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression for all parameters with p -value <0.25 in the chi-square test. Results This study reports the prevalence of hypertension among young adults to be 4.1%. A study also found that female (POR:=1.225 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.119-1.341), unmarried (POR=0.711; 95% CI:0.556-0.908), low-level education (POR=1.286; 95% CI:1.195-1.384), unemployed (POR=1.267; 95% CI:1.166-1.377), BMI≥25 (POR=2.472 (2.295-2.662), diabetes mellitus (POR=3.688; 95% CI:2.630-5.173), emotional mental disorder (POR=2.041; 95% CI:1.856-2.244), instant food consumption (POR=1.108; 95% CI:1.025-1.197) were related to the occurrence of hypertension among young adults. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension among young adults was 4.1%. Females, married, low level of education, unemployed, BMI≥25, diabetes mellitus, having a mental disorder, and consumption of instant food altogether increase the risk of getting hypertension among young adults aged 26-35 years old.

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