Multi-Devotionalism and Mono-Devotionalism: Beyond the Problems of Polytheism and Monotheism

ABSTRACT It is argued that the terms polytheism and monotheism are both problematically rhetorical and analytically weak, while they are typically applied in essentializing ways. Noting the history of these terms, especially in relation to such terms as idolatry, this article makes the argument that more analytical language is needed. The terms mono-devotionalism and multi-devotionalism are introduced, not as replacements, but as a reconceptualization. Pointing to trends and tendencies within traditions, it is argued that this pair of terms provides a preferable way to talk about how singular or multiple ends, modes of devotion, and practices may occur both within and across traditions. Particular attention is paid to Christianity and Hinduism as traditions intimately bound up with the history of how the terms monotheism and polytheism have been deployed.