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to enhance flexibility, thermal stability, and reduce sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli. Aging and environmental factors further influence burn rate variation, underscoring the need for tailored formulations. In terms of environmental sustainability, this review addresses safety considerations in handling and disposing of NC-based materials, focusing on innovations such as alkaline hydrolysis and NC recovery to mitigate environmental risks. Stabilizers and eco-friendly additives effectively prevent chemical degradation, reduce shock sensitivity, and enhance thermal stability. The review concludes with future research directions aimed at further improving the stability and safety of NC-based propellants, ensuring their continued relevance in modern applications.
Rahim et al. (Tue,) studied this question.