The implications of pesticide residue in food crops on human health: a critical review

Pesticide residues in food crops have emerged as a significant concern due to their potential implications for food safety and human health. This comprehensive review evaluates the current state of knowledge regarding the presence of insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, and rodenticide residues in various crops, assessing their associated risks and mitigation strategies. The study highlights the widespread use of pesticides in agriculture, driven by the need to enhance crop yields and protect against pests. However, improper application, incorrect selection, and inadequate post-harvest intervals can accumulate harmful residues in produce. Through an extensive literature review, the study analyzes the levels of pesticide residues detected in diverse crops, scrutinizing the analytical methods employed for their determination. Furthermore, it delves into the potential adverse health effects associated with exposure to these residues, including neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, reproductive issues, and increased cancer risk. The review underscores the need for stringent regulatory frameworks, adherence to maximum residue limits (MRLs), and adopting sustainable agricultural practices, such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM), to minimize pesticide reliance and safeguard human health and the environment. By synthesizing existing knowledge and highlighting areas for further research, this study contributes to the ongoing efforts towards ensuring food safety and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Limitations include regional bias, as the review may not equally represent all regions, particularly developing countries. There is also variability in study methodologies and reporting standards, affecting the consistency and comparability of findings. Additionally, gaps exist in assessing long-term health impacts and these limitations highlight the need for more comprehensive and standardized research to fully understand the implications of pesticide residues on human health.