Life cycle assessment of drinking water and wastewater treatment works in mainland Scotland

for WWTWs. The largest contributor is the electricity consumption for all the mainland systems and asssociated footprints are smaller than that for island systems. By comparing Scottish mainland and island systems, the suitability of mainland systems for rural island systems is discussed. In terms of carbon abatement in the water industry, post treatment processes such as sludge reduction or resource recovery as well as the use of increased renewable energy sources would benefit both mainland and island water treatment works.