Iterative optimization annotation pipeline and ALSS-YOLO-Seg for efficient banana plantation segmentation in UAV imagery

Precise segmentation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) -captured images plays a vital role in tasks such as crop yield estimation and plant health assessment in banana plantations. By identifying and classifying planted areas, crop areas can be calculated, which is indispensable for accurate yield predictions. However, segmenting banana plantation scenes requires a substantial amount of annotated data, and manual labeling of these images is both timeconsuming and labor-intensive, limiting the development of large-scale datasets. Furthermore, challenges such as changing target sizes, complex ground backgrounds, limited computational resources, and correct identification of crop categories make segmentation even more difficult. To address these issues, we propose a comprehensive solution. First, we designed an iterative optimization annotation pipeline leveraging SAM2's zero-shot capabilities to generate high-quality segmentation annotations, thereby reducing the cost and time associated with data annotation significantly. Second, we developed ALSS-YOLO-Seg, an efficient lightweight segmentation model optimized for UAV imagery. The model's backbone includes an Adaptive Lightweight Channel Splitting and Shuffling (ALSS) module to improve information exchange between channels and optimize feature extraction, aiding accurate crop identification. Additionally, a Multi-Scale Channel Attention (MSCA) module combines multi-scale feature extraction with channel attention to tackle challenges of varying target sizes and complex ground backgrounds. We evaluated the zero-shot segmentation performance of SAM2 on the ADE20K and Javeri datasets. Our iterative optimization annotation pipeline demonstrated a significant reduction in manual annotation effort while achieving high-quality segmentation labeling. Extensive experiments on our custom Banana Plantation segmentation dataset show that ALSS-YOLO-Seg achieves state-of-the-art performance. Our code is openly available at https: //github. com/helloworlder8/computerᵥision.