Platelet Indices as Predictors of Glycaemic Status and Complications in Diabetes Mellitus

An accelerated atherosclerotic process is a significant contributor to the development of vascular complications in diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction and heightened platelet hyperactivity in diabetes exacerbate vasoconstriction and thrombus formation, thereby accelerating the atherosclerotic process. The platelet hyperreactivity associated with the prothrombotic state is characterised by alterations in platelet morphology and function. Platelet indices, such as the platelet volume, platelet distribution width, platelet-large cell ratio and plateletcrit, reflect these changes. These platelet indices could emerge as an important marker of glycaemic status and risk of complications. Several studies have demonstrated that mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and platelet-large cell ratio increase in diabetes, especially if there are vascular complications. These tests are readily available and hold promise as cost-effective tools for assessing the risk of complications, especially in resource-limited settings. However, well-designed longitudinal studies are necessary to establish the clinical utility of platelet indices in assessing glycaemic status and the risk of complications.