Exploring men’s cancer journeys in Norway: a comprehensive survey on diet, supplements, and use of complementary and alternative therapies

BACKGROUND: Each year, over 20,000 men are diagnosed with cancer in Norway, and approximately 150,000 men who have previously been diagnosed with cancer are currently alive. Many of these cancer survivors encounter a range of challenges, including fatigue, sexual dysfunction, urinary issues, and pain, all of which can significantly impact their quality of life. Consequently, a substantial number of men seek support beyond conventional healthcare. This study aims to investigate the motivations behind the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and dietary changes/supplements in men with cancer in Norway, and further explore their communication with healthcare providers, self-reported effects and adverse effects, and the sources of information they rely on regarding these practices. METHOD: In collaboration with the Norwegian Cancer Society (NCS), we conducted an online cross-sectional study involving participants of their user panel who have current or past experiences with cancer (n = 706), of whom 218 identified as men. The study was conducted during the autumn of 2021, employing a modified cancer-specific version of the International Questionnaire to Measure Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (I-CAM-Q). A total of 153 men agreed to participate, yielding a response rate of 70%. RESULTS: A large proportion of the respondents used CAM (62%), dietary supplements (65%), and/or adjusted their diet (81%) to boost their immune systems and increase their quality of life. The dietary adjustments involved eating more fruits, vegetables, fish, and whole grains. Many participants also used relaxation techniques and visited CAM providers to enhance quality of life. Most participants reported better health outcomes as a result of these interventions. The Internet and healthcare professionals were the main source of information, although many did not disclose their dietary changes and CAM therapy use with healthcare professionals. CONCLUSION: By leveraging these insights, healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers can collectively work towards a more holistic and patient-centred approach to cancer care, ultimately improving the overall well-being and quality of life for male cancer survivors.