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Abstract Aim: This review examines the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in forensic science, emphasizing its applications in crime scene analysis, evidence interpretation, digital forensics, and forensic odontology. It highlights AI’s ability to enhance accuracy, efficiency, and reliability while addressing ethical and practical challenges. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, complemented by manual reviews of key forensic journals and grey literature. The review included studies on AI applications in forensic odontology and other forensic domains published in the past decade. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and duplicates were removed. Full-text reviews were conducted to ensure relevance, with disagreements resolved through consensus by a third reviewer to ensure rigor. Results: AI has significantly enhanced forensic practices by automating evidence analysis and improving accuracy. It streamlines crime scene reconstruction, accelerates digital forensic processes by analyzing large datasets, and advances dental forensics through rapid victim identification and bite mark analysis. AI-powered biometric systems enhance suspect and victim identification through facial recognition and pattern-matching technologies. However, limitations such as algorithmic bias, data privacy issues, and resource disparities pose challenges to its widespread adoption. Conclusion: AI is revolutionizing forensic science by providing enhanced precision, efficiency, and reliability in investigations. Addressing ethical concerns such as transparency, fairness, and algorithmic accountability is crucial for its responsible implementation. Future advancements should prioritize the development of explainable and unbiased algorithms, privacy-preserving techniques, and ethical frameworks. Interdisciplinary collaborations and global policy guidelines are essential to ensure the equitable and responsible integration of AI in forensic science, ultimately advancing justice and equity in the criminal justice system.
Arthanari et al. (Wed,) studied this question.