Endotypes of atopic dermatitis

22-driven responses, genetic factors, and microbial interactions. Recognizing these endotypes has become essential for advancing personalized treatments because each subtype responds differently to immune-modulating therapies. Current treatment options, such as moisturizers, immunosuppressants, and biologics, show varied efficacy across AD endotypes, underscoring the need for more precise, endotype-specific approaches. Emerging molecular profiling technologies offer promising avenues to identify distinct biomarkers, refining AD classification and paving the way for more targeted treatments and improved patient outcomes.