A Systematic Review of Building Energy Consumption Prediction: From Perspectives of Load Classification, Data-Driven Frameworks, and Future Directions

The rapid development of machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies has promoted the widespread application of data-driven algorithms in the field of building energy consumption prediction. This study comprehensively explores diversified prediction strategies for different time scales, building types, and energy consumption forms, constructing a framework for artificial intelligence technologies in this field. With the prediction process as the core, it deeply analyzes the four key aspects of data acquisition, feature selection, model construction, and evaluation. The review covers three data acquisition methods, considers seven key factors affecting building loads, and introduces four efficient feature extraction techniques. Meanwhile, it conducts an in-depth analysis of mainstream prediction models, clarifying their unique advantages and applicable scenarios when dealing with complex energy consumption data. By systematically combing the existing research, this paper evaluates the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of each method and provides insights into future development trends, offering clear research directions and guidance for researchers.