Benchmarking the Readout of a Superconducting Qubit for Repeated Measurements

Readout of superconducting qubits faces a trade-off between measurement speed and unwanted backaction on the qubit caused by the readout drive, such as T₁ degradation and leakage out of the computational subspace. The readout is typically benchmarked by integrating the readout signal and choosing a binary threshold to extract the "readout fidelity. " We show that readout fidelity may significantly overlook readout-induced leakage errors. Such errors are detrimental for applications that rely on continuously repeated measurements, e. g. , quantum error correction. We introduce a method to measure the readout-induced leakage rate by repeatedly executing a composite operation-a readout preceded by a randomized qubit flip. We apply this technique to characterize the readout of a superconducting qubit, optimized for fidelity across four different readout durations. Our technique highlights the importance of an independent leakage characterization by showing that the leakage rates vary from 0. 12% to 7. 76% across these readouts even though the fidelity exceeds 99. 5% in all four cases.