What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Observational. Population: Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (n=1005). Primary outcome: Prevalence of hypertension (95% CI 30-36).

March 21, 2025Open Access

The Burden of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus and Their Predictors in an Urban Slum of Chhattisgarh, India: A Retrospective Record-Based Study

Key Result

In an urban slum of Chhattisgarh, India, the prevalence of hypertension was 33% and diabetes mellitus was 16%, with age, alcohol consumption, and comorbidities identified as significant predictors.

Study Design

Type

Observational (n=1,005)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Population

1,005 adults aged 30 years and older screened for diabetes mellitus and hypertension in an urban slum of Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. Median age 48, 66.6% female.

Outcome

Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and their associated risk factors

There is a high prevalence of hypertension (33%) and diabetes (16%) in this urban slum population in India, highlighting the need for targeted screening and lifestyle interventions in vulnerable communities.

Limitations

Record-based study design may introduce selection bias.
Accuracy of findings depends on the quality of secondary data collection.
Limited generalizability of findings beyond the specific study area.
Retrospective design prevents inferring causality of risk factors.
Some potential confounding variables could not be explored due to record limitations.
Use of random blood sugar levels instead of HbA1C, which has lower sensitivity and specificity.

Abstract

Background Non-communicable diseases pose a significant health burden in India. Hypertension and diabetes are known to affect underprivileged communities in terms of healthcare costs disproportionately. This study aimed to determine the burden of these two diseases and their predictors in an urban slum of Raipur city. Methods We conducted a retrospective record-based study in an urban slum of Raipur. A population-based screening register is maintained in the Urban Health Training Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur. Data about adults who underwent screening from January 2023 to December 2023 were extracted from this register. Sociodemographic details, lifestyle factors, family history of NCDs, and medication history were collected and analyzed. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension was estimated, and logistic regression was performed to identify the important risk factors for diabetes and hypertension. Results Out of 1,005 study participants, the median age was 48, with an IQR of 38-60 years. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was 33% and 16%, respectively. In logistic regression, age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.06, 95% CI: 1.05-1.08), alcohol consumption (aOR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.13-7.85), and diabetes (aOR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.75-3.70) were significant risk factors for hypertension. For diabetes mellitus, age (aOR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04) and hypertension (aOR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.77-3.75) were significant risk factors. Conclusions We found a high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the urban slum, with increased risk with increasing age, alcoholics, and those with comorbid conditions. Early and targeted intervention, focusing on modifiable lifestyle factors and early screening of comorbid conditions, is crucial for managing and reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases in vulnerable communities.

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