The definition of heart failure has evolved from early symptom-based descriptions to the 2021 Universal Definition, which integrates structural, functional, and biomarker criteria to improve diagnostic precision.
The concept of heart failure (HF) has undergone significant transformation from ancient times to the present, evolving from rudimentary understandings to a complex clinical syndrome. Early descriptions by Egyptian, Greek and Roman physicians laid the groundwork for understanding cardiac dysfunction. The Renaissance period brought crucial insights with Harvey's discovery of blood circulation. In the 20th century, the Framingham Heart Study provided a pivotal shift, formally defining HF as a clinical syndrome with diagnostic criteria. Over the decades, definitions of HF have evolved, integrating advancements in pathophysiology, biomarkers and imaging techniques. Initially focused on symptomatic and clinical presentations, modern definitions emphasise underlying structural and functional cardiac abnormalities. This evolution reflects the growing complexity and precision of diagnosing and managing HF. A historical perspective underscores the progressive refinement in HF definitions, which enhances diagnostic precision and therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Understanding this evolution is crucial for appreciating contemporary HF management and anticipating future advances.
Ibănescu et al. (Mon,) conducted a review in Heart failure. The definition of heart failure has evolved from early symptom-based descriptions to the 2021 Universal Definition, which integrates structural, functional, and biomarker criteria to improve diagnostic precision.