Stretchable all-gel organic electrochemical transistors

Stretchable organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising for flexible electronics. However, the balance between stretchability and electrical properties is a great challenge for OECTs. Here, high-performance stretchable all-gel OECTs based on semiconducting polymer gel active layers and poly(ionic liquid) ionogel electrolytes are developed. The all-gel network structures effectively promote ion penetration/transport and endows the OECTs with high stretchability. The resulting OECTs exhibit an excellent combination of ultra-high transconductance of 86.4 mS, on/off ratio of 1.2 × 105, stretchability up to 50%, and high stretching stability up to 10000 cycles under 30% strain. We demonstrate that the all-gel OECTs can be used as stretchable pressure-sensitive electronic skins with a low detection limit for tactile perception of robotic hands. In addition, the all-gel OECTs can be applied as stretchable artificial synapses for neuromorphic simulation and highly sensitive stretchable gas sensors for simulating olfactory perception process and monitoring food quality. This work provides a general all-gel strategy toward high-performance flexible electronics.