What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Cardiovascular disease (n=12837). Intervention: Cardiometabolic index (CMI) vs. Lowest CMI quartile (Quartile 1). Primary outcome: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.11-1.66, p=0.006).

May 12, 2025Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine10 citationsOpen Access

Association between cardiometabolic index and cardiovascular disease: evidence From the NHANES 2007–2018

FCFeiyu Chen YNYongquan Niu RWRebecca Wu

Key Result

Among US adults, individuals in the highest cardiometabolic index quartile had 35% higher odds of prevalent cardiovascular disease compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR 1.35).

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=12,837)

Structured PICO

Does a higher cardiometabolic index associate with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in US adults?

Population

12,837 US adults from the NHANES 2007-2018 database were evaluated to assess the cross-sectional association between cardiometabolic index and cardiovascular disease.

Exposure

Higher Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) levels (evaluated as continuous Ln-transformed CMI and in quartiles)

Comparator

Lower Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) levels (lowest quartile)

Outcome

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), defined as self-reported history of coronary heart disease, stroke, heart attack, angina pectoris, or congestive heart failurecomposite

Higher cardiometabolic index is independently associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease among US adults, suggesting its potential utility as a biomarker for early CVD risk assessment.

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 1.35 (95% CI 1.11–1.66)

Absolute Event Rate: 16.59% vs 7.29%

p-value: p=0.006

Limitations

Inability to completely rule out the effects of unidentified or unmeasured confounders, such as medication status.
Cross-sectional design precludes inferring a causal relationship between CMI and CVD.
The sample consisted solely of a US population, limiting generalizability.

Abstract

Background: Although the cardiometabolic index (CMI) has gained recognition as a new tool for evaluating metabolic health, the relationship between CMI and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. This research sought to explore the potential association between CMI and CVD. Methods: Participants from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were selected. Multivariable logistic regression analyses and smooth curve fitting were utilized to investigate this relationship, along with subgroup evaluations and interaction analyses. Results: This study included 12,837 subjects and the prevalence of CVD was 11.83%. After full adjustment, participants presenting with an increase of one unit in Ln-transformed CMI associated a 15% higher odds of CVD prevalence (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05-1.26). In the fully adjusted model, individuals falling into the highest CMI quartile (Quartile 4) demonstrated substantially 35% higher odds than those in the lowest CMI quartile (Quartile 1) (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.11-1.66). In addition, there was no nonlinear relationship between CMI and CVD in our selected sample. This positive association was not greatly influenced by any of the stratifications. Conclusions: Among US adults, having higher CMI levels is substantially associated with higher odds of CVD prevalence. This finding suggests that regular monitoring of CMI levels could enable physicians to initiate early interventions, potentially slowing the progression of CVD. However, in order to corroborate our findings, further prospective investigations are still required.

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