Statin Therapy as Primary Prevention for Persons With HIV: A Synopsis of Recommendations From the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines Panel

DESCRIPTION: REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV) showed benefits of pitavastatin as preventive therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in people with HIV (PWH). In February 2024, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Panel for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents with HIV (ARV Guidelines Panel) developed statin therapy recommendations for PWH. These recommendations were issued in collaboration with representatives from the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), and the HIV Medicine Association (HIVMA). This synopsis summarizes the development process, the recommendations, and how they supplement the AHA/ACC/multisociety cholesterol guidelines and outlines gaps in primary prevention of ASCVD for PWH. METHODS: The ARV Guidelines Panel convened a writing group of 10 members (6 members of the Panel with expertise in HIV-related comorbid conditions, biostatistics, and pharmacology and 4 consultants representing ACC, AHA, and HIVMA with cardiometabolic and HIV management expertise). The writing group reviewed REPRIEVE trial data, other studies evaluating the use of statins in PWH, and the AHA/ACC/multisociety cholesterol guidelines to devise recommendations. Recommendations were based on scientific evidence with a rating scheme developed since the 1998 inception of the ARV guidelines. Proposed recommendations were presented to the full ARV Guidelines Panel, rated via vote, and approved by the Panel's voting members. These recommendations were then endorsed by ACC, AHA, and HIVMA. RECOMMENDATIONS: The ARV Guidelines Panel issued a strong recommendation for initiating statin therapy among PWH with a 10-year ASCVD risk score of 5% or higher, whose absolute benefit from statins in REPRIEVE was greatest. For patients with a 10-year ASCVD risk score below 5%, the Panel favored statins but recommended patient-clinician risk discussions considering additional HIV-related factors that can increase ASCVD risk.