Understanding and Resolving 3D Printing Challenges: A Systematic Literature Review

Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, enables efficient fabrication of complex and customized components. Despite its growth across industries, users frequently encounter print failures due to design errors, process limitations, and inadequate monitoring. While existing research has explored various aspects of these failures, much of it remains fragmented, with limited consolidated overviews that map common problems, troubleshooting strategies, and guidelines across the AM workflow. This study conducted a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to identify and categorize common 3D printing problems and their solutions. Relevant studies published between 2000 and 2024 were extracted from major databases. A total of 126 peer-reviewed articles were selected and analyzed. Three major categories of recurring challenges were identified: (1) design and pre-processing errors; (2) geometric errors and dimensional deviations; (3) failures in in-process error detection and response. A variety of mitigation strategies have been proposed across the literature, including STL and slicing optimization, thermal management, machine calibration, and sensor-based real-time monitoring. These approaches reflect the multifactorial nature of 3D printing failures, which often arise from the complex interplay of design, material, and process parameters. This review provides a structured summary of failure types and mitigation strategies across the AM workflow.