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The large-scale integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) reduces system inertia, raising concerns about grid stability. Inverter control can emulate virtual inertia by replicating the behavior of traditional generation units, leading to the concept of virtual synchronous generators (VSGs). However, VSGs face transient stability challenges similar to synchronous generators (SGs) and risk instability during prolonged faults. The damping factor plays a critical role in VSG transient stability, but its impact has not been comprehensively analyzed in existing literature.This paper proposes an adaptive damping strategy that automatically adjusts based on the VSG angle. Simulation studies conducted in PSCAD demonstrate that the proposed strategy: (i) allows VSGs to ride through prolonged faults without losing stability, (ii) effectively damps VSG acceleration during large disturbances, (iii) enhances transient stability through continuous damping adjustments, and (iv) facilitates faster VSG recovery after significant disturbances.
Saffar et al. (Sun,) studied this question.