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Human trafficking is a cross-border crime and a major concern in the context of international relations today. This issue not only constitutes a serious threat to global security, but also a specific concern for Indonesia. Human trafficking involves not only criminal aspects, but also significant violations of human rights and human security. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's defense diplomacy in addressing human trafficking cases along the Indonesia–Malaysia border from the perspective of international law. Using a normative legal research method based on secondary data, this study applies the theoretical framework of non-traditional security and human trafficking theory. The non-traditional security approach emphasizes that security threats today extend beyond military issues and include transnational crimes such as human trafficking, which threaten human dignity and individual safety. Meanwhile, human trafficking theory provides insights into the patterns, causes, and dynamics of trafficking, emphasizing its nature as a complex organized crime that spans borders. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s defense diplomacy plays a significant role in cross-border cooperation and prevention strategies, particularly through the GBC forum, where both countries' Defense Ministers agreed to empower the police in law enforcement efforts, including the establishment of the Joint Police Cooperation Committee (JPCC).
Khoirunnisa et al. (Mon,) studied this question.