What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Cardiovascular Diseases (n=368). Intervention: Observational. Primary outcome: Prevalence of depression.

July 5, 2025Open Access

The Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: Cross Sectional Study

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Among patients with cardiovascular diseases, 47.8% suffer from depression and 44.6% have anxiety, demonstrating a high prevalence of psychological distress in this population. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

SPSuyash Mohan PawarCooper Hospital RMRoshni Cynthia MirandaCooper Hospital VSVidhi ShahCooper Hospital

Key Result

Among patients with cardiovascular diseases, 47.8% were found to have depression and 44.6% had anxiety, demonstrating a high prevalence of psychological distress in this population.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=368)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Population

368 patients with Ischemic Heart disease presenting to Cardiology and Medicine OPD/Ward/department for treatment, mean age 57.3 years, 72% male.

Outcome

Prevalence of anxiety (assessed via GAD-7 score ≥ 8) and depression (assessed via PHQ-9)patient reported

There is a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients with ischemic heart disease, highlighting the critical need for routine mental health screening in cardiology settings.

Limitations

Higher male representation might have influenced gender-based findings

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for about one-third of all global deaths. Mental health problems like depression and anxiety are common among people with CVDs. Depression and anxiety in heart patients are linked to higher risks of death from both heart-related and other causes. Method: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the Cardiology Outpatient Department of Dr. R. N. Cooper Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, over a two-month period from April 25, 2025 to June 25, 2025. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of HBT Medical College, Mumbai. Subsequent Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS Version 23.0 and Microsoft Office Home and Student 2021. Results: The study included 368 cases of Ischemic Heart disease presenting to Cardiology and Medicine OPD/Ward/department for treatment. The mean age of the participants is 57.3 yrs (Standard deviation 11.9). The youngest participant is 20 yrs and the oldest is 85 yrs. Among the participants, 138 (37.5%) have previous history of hospitalization. In terms of severity, 17(4.6%) patients have Minimal depression, 52(14.1%) patients have mild depression, 68(18.5%) patients have moderate, 35(9.5%) have Moderately severe depression and 20(5.4%) have severe depression. For anxiety 141(38.3%) have Minimal anxiety, 101(27.4%) have mild Anxiety, 81(22%) patients have moderate, and 45(12.2%) patients have severe anxiety. With a cut-off value of GAD score ? 8, 164 (44.6%) are having anxiety and based on PHQ 9 score = 0, 176 (47.8%) are suffering from depression.

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