Optimizing orthopedic education in resource-limited settings: A strategic review of current practices and reforms

This narrative comparative review analyzes the current structure, challenges, and potential reforms in orthopedic education in Vietnam. Using a structured literature review and expert-informed synthesis, we examine Vietnam’s dual-track training pathways, including undergraduate medical education, residency programs, specialty certifications (Specialty Certification Level 1 and Specialty Certification Level 2), and academic degrees (Master’s and PhD). The ky challenges include variability in training quality, limited access to surgical technology, geographic disparities in workforce distribution, and insufficient research integration. To contextualize Vietnam’s experience, we compare it with orthopedic education models in China, India, Saudi Arabia, and Côte d’Ivoire (Africa). These countries share common issues such as regional inequities, inconsistent clinical exposure, and gaps in standardized curricula, while also offering unique strategies for improvement, such as competency-based training, national fellowship programs, and international partnerships. The review recommends establishing a national certification board, investing in technological infrastructure, expanding fellowship opportunities, and implementing financial support schemes to ensure equitable access. These findings provide relevant insights for policymakers and educators aiming to enhance orthopedic training in low- and middle-income countries.