Abstract The topic of coastal land development has become a significant concern in various global regions, including the National Special Economic Zone (MSMSN) area in Bangladesh. The rapid expansion of industrialization and urbanization in this specific geographic region has initiated debates on the ecological consequences and the urgent need for the adoption of sustainable development frameworks. This study combined remote sensing techniques and environmental indicators to provide a comprehensive understanding of the environmental implications connected with land development. The assessment of the ecological consequences associated with the growth of coastal land was conducted, and the formulation of policies for sustainable development was achieved by employing satellite imagery and environmental indicators. The focus of the research study was to analyze the temporal fluctuations of land surface indices, including NDVI, NDBI, NDBAI, NDMI, SAVI, and NDWI, as well as the patterns of land use and land cover from 2014 to 2023. Through the analysis of Land Surface Indices, this research has revealed noteworthy findings pertaining to alterations in land cover, the impacts of urban heat islands, variations in vegetation density, issues related to water management, and trends in temperature. Correlation matrices provide insight into the complex relationships among various indices, land use/land cover (LULC) changes, and environmental quality indicators as temperature and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5). The key findings of this study emphasize the correlation between urbanization and rising temperatures, as well as the subsequent decrease in vegetation. Furthermore, there have been notable alterations in land use patterns within the previous ten years, specifically about barren lands, built-up areas, and forested regions. These changes highlight the considerable biological dynamics that are occurring within the region. The research highlights the crucial significance of strategic urban planning in achieving a harmonious equilibrium between urban growth and the conservation of the environment, with the aim of ensuring a sustainable future. The findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive urban planning approaches that prioritize the protection of natural ecosystems, the preservation of green areas, and the reduction of environmental deterioration. By incorporating remote sensing data, ecological metrics, and adopting a multi-disciplinary approach, decision-makers and urban planners are equipped with the capacity to make informed decisions that promote sustainable development and protect the well-being of ecosystems and human populations. This work makes substantial contributions to the disciplines of urban planning, policy-making, and environmental conservation by offering crucial insights. These insights provide the potential to facilitate the formulation of effective solutions with the objective of advancing sustainable development, conserving natural resources, and protecting ecosystems and human populations.
Mahmud et al. (Tue,) studied this question.