Phraseological productivity: ways of creating new phraseologisms based on existing ones in modern French and Spanish Languages

The aim of this article is to systematize and analyze the main mechanisms through which the expansion of the phraseological composition of language occurs. The relevance of the study is due to the dynamic nature of the phraseological system and its ability to adapt to changing socio-cultural conditions. The article examines the phenomenon of phraseological productivity in modern French and Spanish. Phraseological productivity is understood as the ability of language to create new, sustainable expressions, enriching vocabulary and reflecting dynamic changes in culture and society. The study is about ways of creating new phraseologisms on the basis of already existing units. Concrete examples from the modern French and Spanish languages demonstrate how these processes lead to new phraseologisms that reflect contemporary realities and trends. In the course of the study, methods such as analysis of theoretical literature, descriptive method, continuous sample method, dictionary definition analysis method, component analysis of lexical units, and observation and generalization were used. The scientific novelty of research is to identify how processes of phraseological derification reflect the dynamics of sociocultural changes and contribute to the actualization of linguistic stereotypes in the mass consciousness. The analysis demonstrates that phraseological productivity is an important indicator of creativity and flexibility of modern French and Spanish languages, as well as their ability to respond quickly to the challenges of time. The article also addresses issues of normative and stylistic coloring of new phraseologisms. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of language dynamics and processes that determine the development of the phraseology of French and Spanish languages, and can be used in lexicography, lexicology and translation, as well as in the practice of teaching French and Spanish as foreign languages.